FreeBSD 5.1-Release Note

当然除了以下之外还有,有兴趣请自行查阅,此为泡泡自行的注释

网址: http://www.freebsd.org/releases/5.1R/relnotes-i386.html

发布日期: 2003/05/28

Bootloader Changes

The /modules directory (once the default location for modules on FreeBSD 4.X)

is no longer a part of the default kern.module_path.

Third-party modules should be placed in /boot/modules.

中译:在4.x版的/modules被移动到/boot/modules罗

Network Protovols

ipfw(4) skipto rules can once again be used with the log keyword.

ipfw(4) uid rules are once again working.

中译:ipfw中的skipto及uid规则可以再度使用罗..

TCP now has support for the ``Limited Transmit"" mechanism proposed by RFC 3042.

This feature is intended to improve the effectiveness of TCP loss recovery

in certain circumstances. It is off by default but can be enabled with the

net.inet.tcp.rfc3042 sysctl variable. More information can be found in tcp(4).

中译:TCP多了一个参数net.inet.tcp.rfc3042 预设不启动,透过sysctl启动此参数

     在某些情况可以改善TCP loss的状况..

TCP now has support for increased initial congestion window sizes as described in RFC 3390.

This feature can improve the throughput of short transfers, as well as high-bandwidth,

large propagation-delay connections. It is off by default but can be enabled with the

net.inet.tcp.rfc3390 sysctl variable. More information can be found in tcp(4).

中译:TCP多了一个参数net.inet.tcp.rfc3390预设不启动,透过sysctl启动此参数

     在某些情况可以改善短距离的传输状况.

It is now possible to specify the range of ``privileged ports"" (TCP and UDP ports that

require superuser access to bind(2) to). The range is now specified with the

net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedlow and net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedhigh sysctl variables,

defaulting to the traditional UNIX behavior. This feature is intended to help network servers

bind to traditionally privileged ports without requiring superuser access.

ip(4) has more details.

中译:透过定义net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedlow 及net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedhigh

     可以让网路伺服器取得某些传统的port而不用得到root的权限.(预设为0~1023)

Userland Changes

adduser(8) now correctly handles setting user passwords containing special shell characters.

中译:adduser已经可以正确的处理使用者密码包含特殊的shell符号

adduser(8) now supports a -g option to set a user"s default login group.

中译:adduser新增-g参数,设定使用者预设的登入群组

The bsdlabel(8) utility is a replacement for the older disklabel utility. Like its predecessor,

it installs, examines, or modifies the BSD label on a disk partition,

and can install bootstrap code.

Compared to disklabel, a number of obsolete options and parameters have been retired.

A new -m option instructs bsdlabel(8) to use the layout suitable for a specific machine.

中译:过去版本中的 disklabel 已经被 bsdlabel 取代.

chgrp(1) and chown(8) now, when the owner/group is modified, print the old and new uid/gid

if the -v option is specified more than once.

中译:透过-v参数,chgrp及chown会显示变更的档案名称,若使用-v参数不只一次(-v -v),

     则会一并显示新旧不同的uid及gid.

The diskinfo(8) utility has been added to show information about a disk device and

optionally to run a naive performance test.

中译:新增diskinfo指令,用来查询硬碟的状况.

ftpd(8) now supports a -h option to disable printing any host-specific information,

such as the ftpd(8) version or hostname, in server messages. [MERGED]

中译:ftpd新增-h参数,用以隐藏主机的相关资讯.

ftpd(8) now supports a -P option to specify a port on which to listen in daemon mode.

The default data port number is now set to be one less than the control port number,

rather than being hard-coded.

中译:ftpd新增-P参数,用以指定ftpd资料传输的port,预设为21及20 port.

The gstat(8) utility has been added to show the disk activity inside the geom(4) subsystem.

中译:新增gstat命令,用以显示磁碟的使用状况.

ipfw(8) now supports enable and disable commands to control various aspects of the operation of

ipfw(4) (including enabling and disabling the firewall itself).

These provide a more convenient and visible interface than the existing

sysctl variables.[MERGED]

中译:ipfw 新增enable及disable参数用来控制ipfw规则.

kenv(1) has been moved from /usr/bin to /bin to make it available at times during

system startup when only the root file system is mounted.

中译:kenv - dump the kernel environment 从原先的 /usr/bin 移往 /bin/ ,

     让某些时候只有 / 系统被挂上时可以使用此指令.

The MAKEDEV script is now unnecessary, due to the mandatory presence of devfs(5),

and has been removed.

中译:原先的 MAKEDEV script档被移除了,因为被并入devfs(5)了.

mergemaster(8) now supports a -P option to preserve the contents of files being replaced.

中译:mergemaster 新增 -P 参数,用来复原已经被取代的档案.

mount(8) and umount(8) now accept a -F option to specify an alternate fstab(5) file.

中译:mount 和 umount 提供 -F 参数来定义要 挂上/卸载 要读取的磁区档案.

newfs(8) will now create UFS2 file systems by default, unless UFS1 is specifically

requested with the -O1 option.

中译:newfs 预设以UFS2系统为档案系统,除非 -01 参数被指定才会用UFS1为档案系统格式.

ping(8) now supports a -M option to use ICMP mask request or timestamp request messages

instead of ICMP echo requests.

中译:ping 新增几个参数,其中 -M 参数可以使用 ICMP mask request 或是 timestamp request 讯息,

     而不是预设的 echo requests.

pw(8) can now add a user whose name ends with a $ character; this change is intended to help

administration of Samba services. [MERGED]

中译:pw 现在已经可以让使用者名称的最後为$字元.

sysinstall(8) will now select UFS2 as the default layout for new file systems

unless specifically requested in the disk labeler.

Note: Due to i386 boot loader limitations, the root file system must be 1.5TB or smaller in size.

中译: sysinstall 除非特别指定,否则改以UFS2为预设的系统档案格式.

     因为i386的boot loader限制, / 档案系统必须小於 1.5 TB .

The swapoff(8) command has been added to disable paging and swapping on a device.

A related swapctl(8) command has been added to provide an interface to

swapon(8) and swapoff(8) similar to other BSDs.

Note: The swapoff(8) feature should be considered experimental.

中译: 新增 swapoff 的*实验性*指令.用来取消 paging 和 swapping .

syslogd(8) now allows multiple hosts or programs to be named in host or program specifications

in syslog.conf(5) files.

中译:  syslogd 的syslog.conf 中允许 多host 或是 多program.

systat(1) now includes an -ifstat display mode that displays the network traffic going through

active interfaces on the system.

中译: systat 新增 -ifstat 参数 ,用来展示active 介面的网路流量.

The historic BSD boot scripts in /etc have been removed, in favor of the rc.d system

imported fromNetBSD (sometimes referred to as ``rcNG"").

All functionality of the historic system has been preserved. In particular,

files such as /etc/rc.conf continue to be the recommended means of configuring the

system startup.The rc.d system has been the default since FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE,

so this change should be largely transparent for the vast majority of users.

Users who have customized their historic-style startup scripts should be aware that

the following files have been removed from /etc: rc.atm, rc.devfs, rc.diskless1,

rc.diskless2, rc.i386, rc.alpha, rc.amd64, rc.ia64, rc.sparc64, rc.isdn, rc.network,

rc.network6, rc.pccard, rc.serial, rc.syscons, rc.sysctl.

mergemaster(8), when run, will offer to move these files out of t